Suppose that we begin by integrating four regional long distance trains serving 16 stations each. If operated as four independent trains they would have 960 city pairs (240 per train). But if they operated as an integrated rail system they would generate a system of 64 stations connected by four integrated trains. Such a system would generate 64 x 63 = 4032 city pairs instead of the 960 (on the same number of train miles) and be more than four times as productive as four independent trains, using exactly the same number of train miles, the same level of market penetration, and exactly the same nature and quality of service.April 25, 2011 Enews